The current-voltage characteristics of a solar cell are measured at different light intensities, the distance between the light source and the solar cell being varied. The dependence of no-load voltage and short-circuit current on temperature is determined.

Benefits

• Set-up allows quantitative measurement which also takes light intensity into account
• Set-up allows to avoid but also to measure temperature effect quantitatively
• Determine relationship between short-circuit and light intensity

Tasks

1. To determine the light intensity with the thermopile at various distances from the light source.
2. To measure the short-circuit current and no-load voltage at various distances from the light source.
3. To estimate the dependence of no-load voltage, and short-circuit current on temperature.
4. To plot the current-voltage characteristic at different light intensities.
5. To plot the current-voltage characteristic under different operating conditions: cooling the equipment with a blower, no cooling, shining the light through a glass plate.
6. To determine the characteristic curve when illuminated by sunlight.

Learning objectives

• Semiconductor
• p-n junction
• Energy-band diagram
• Fermi characteristic energy level
• Diffusion potential
• Internal resistance
• Efficiency
• Photo-conductive effect
• Acceptors
• Donors
• Valence band
• Conduction band

The electrical power required to operate electrical components results from the electric current flowing at an applied voltage. In this experiment, the brightness of incandescent lamps is used as a measure of electrical power. Students can easily see, for example, that two identical lamps together have twice the power if they shine with the same brightness.

Benefits

• Particularly comprehensible and didactically prepared description of the experiment (reference to everyday life, etc.) incl. protocol questions.
• Future-oriented teaching: Integration into digital science lessons with tablets or smartphones.
• Increased motivation among students through use of the intuitive measureAPP.
• Increased media literacy.
• No additional cable connections between the modules necessary – clearer and faster set-up.
• contact reliability due to puzzle-like interlocking building blocks
• Hard gold-plated, corrosion-resistant contacts
• Double learning success: electrical circuit diagram visible on the upper side and real components on the lower side

Tasks

Using the parallel and series connection of incandescent lamps, investigate the dependence of electrical power on current and voltage.

Learning Objectives

Students will be able to deduce the relationship between power and amperage and voltage from the experiment:

P ∼ U for I = constant and P ∼ I for U = constant.

Basic set allowing the performance of 35 experiments about the following topics:

• Electric Circuits (9 Experiments)
• Electrical Resistance (10 Experiments)
• Electrical Work and Power (1 Experiment)
• Capacitors (3 Experiments)
• Diodes (5 Experiments)
• Transistors (7 Experiments)

Benefits

• Complete equipment set: simple execution of the experiments
• The equipment is stored in a rugged, stackable and compact box, allowing quick control of completeness (foam insert)
• Experimenting literature for pupils and teachers available: minimal preparation time
• Matched with international curriculum: all topics are covered

Equipment and technical data

• The equipment set consists of all necessary components for the experiments
• Robust, stackable storage box with a foam insert fitting to the contained equipment

• Various DC motors
• Series and shunt motor
• Synchronous motor
• DC generator and alternator
• Transformer

This set allows the performance of 10 student experiments about the following topics:

• Magnetic field of a coil
• Conversion of electrical energy into kinetic energy
• Commutator
• Direct current motor
• Synchronous motor
• Series and shunt-wound motors
• Electromagnetic induction
• The electrical generator
• Engine-generator
• Transformer

Benefits

• Complete equipment set: simple execution of the experiments
• The equipment is stored in a rugged, stackable and compact box, allowing quick control of completeness (foam insert)
• Experimenting literature for pupils and teachers available: minimal preparation time
• Matched with international Curriculum: all topics are covered
• Simple design of all components, so that the student can easily recognise their function
• The possibility to set up function models gradually, so that functional relations between components can be understood
• No tools required for assembly

Equipment and technical data

• The equipment set consists of all necessary components for the experiments

• Various DC motors
• Series and shunt motor
• Synchronous motor
• DC generator and alternator
• Transformer

This set allows the performance of 10 student experiments about the following topics:

• Magnetic field of a coil
• Conversion of electrical energy into kinetic energy
• Commutator
• Direct current motor
• Synchronous motor
• Series and shunt-wound motors
• Electromagnetic induction
• The electrical generator
• Engine-generator
• Transformer

Benefits

• Complete equipment set: simple execution of the experiments
• The equipment is stored in a rugged, stackable and compact box, allowing quick control of completeness (foam insert)
• Experimenting literature for pupils and teachers available: minimal preparation time
• Matched with international Curriculum: all topics are covered
• Simple design of all components, so that the student can easily recognise their function
• The possibility to set up function models gradually, so that functional relations between components can be understood
• No tools required for assembly

Equipment and technical data

• The equipment set consists of all necessary components for the experiments

Basic set allowing the performance of 28 experiments about the following topics:

• Electric Circuits (8 Experiments)
• Electrical Resistance (8 Experiments)
• Electrical Work and Power (1 Experiment)
• Tranformation of Energy (1 Experiment)
• Electrochemistry (6 Experiments)
• Safe Working with Electrical Energy (2 Experiments)
• Sensors (2 Experiments)

In x experiments, you can also use the Cobra SMARTsense Voltage and Current sensors in combination with tablets (iOS and Android) and smartphones (Android) instead of the classic measuring device. In addition, digtial data acquisition provides further didactic added value in experiments.

Benefits

• The ideal combination of classic experiments (practical competence) and digital data acquisition (media competence)
• Individual teaching structure possible: you can decide to chose the measuring instrument you want (classic or digital)
• Future-proof: Prepare the transition to the digital school today
• Perfectly matched to digital science lessons with tablets and smartphones
• Faster and higher learning success: The use of digital devices increases the identification and thus increases the motivation of the students
• No additional cable connections between the different parts required – clearer and faster setup
• Secure contact through puzzle-like components
• Gold plated, corrosion resistant contacts
• Double learning success: Electrical circuit diagram visible on the top and right components on the underside

Equipment and Technical Data

• The equipment set consists of all necessary components for the experiments
• Robust, stackable storage box with a foam insert fitting to the contained equipment
• Cobra SMARTsense Voltage: Measuring range: +/- 30 V, resolution: 0.02 V, sampling rate: 800 Hz
• Cobra SMARTsense Current: Measuring range: +/- 1 A, resolution: 0.5 mA, sampling rate: 800 Hz

In a semi-conductor thermogenerator, the no-load voltage and the short-circuit current are measured as a function of the temperature difference. The internal resistance, the Seebeck coefficient and the efficiency are determined.

Benefits

• Open design allows to fully understand function and applications
• Individual instruments for distinct functions (no “black box”)
• Key products of the experiment setup can also be used for investigating the Peltier effect

Tasks

1. To measure no-load voltage U0 and short-circuit current Is at different temperature differences and to determine the Seebeck coefficient.
2. To measure current and voltage at a constant temperature difference but with different load resistors, and to determine the internal resistance Ri from the measured values.
3. To determine the efficiency of energy conversion, from the quantity of heat consumed and the electrical energy produced per unit time.

Learning objectives

• Seebeck effect (thermoelectric effect)
• Thermoelectric e.m.f.
• Efficiency
• Peltier coefficient
• Thomson coefficient
• Seebeck coefficient
• Direct energy conversion
• Thomson equations

Coil with 400 turns

Equipment and Technical Data

• shock proof plastic coil casing with two 4mm sockets 19mm apart on covers couloured acc. to number of windings.
• For iron cores with Ø 20x20mm
• Windings: 400
• Length Amperage max.: 1 A
• Inductance: 3 mH
• Resistence: 3 Ohms